Fig. 1

A flow diagram of proton pump inhibitor-based therapy. Patients who underwent clarithromycin susceptibility testing were treated by either PPI-AC or PPI-AM regimen. PPI-AC therapy was chosen for empirical therapy. PPI-AC proton pump inhibitor with amoxicillin and clarithromycin, PPI-AM proton pump inhibitor with amoxicillin and metronidazole